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Anatomický kroužek

Topographical Anatomy of the Back and Pelvis

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Trigonum suboccipitale (a. vertebralis)

  • laterally: m. obliquus capitis sup. (m. longissimus capitis)
  • medially: m. rectus capitis posterior major (et minor)
  • caudally: m. obliquus capitis inferior
  • bottom: membrana atlantooccipitalis posterior, arcus posterior atlantis
  • structures entering the space:
  • a. vertebralis (pars atlantica)
  • n. suboccipitalis
  • structure leaving the space:

  • n. occipitalis major
  • Trigonum auscultationis

  • cranially: m. trapezius
  • caudally: m. latissimus dorsi
  • laterally: margo medialis scapulae
  • floor: m. rhomboideus major
  • in protraction of scapula, parts of 6th and 7th rib and interspace between them become subcutaneous, overlying the apex of lower pulmonary lobe

    Trigonum lumbale superius (Grynfelti s. Lesshafti)

  • cranially: m. serratus post inf. costa XII. sometimes)
  • medially: m. iliocostalis lumborum
  • laterally: m. obliquus abd. int.
  • bottom: aponeurosa m. transversi abd.
  • ceiling: m. latissimus dorsi
  • exit of n. et vasa subcostalia
  • n. iliohypogastricus
  • possible site for upper lumbar hernia to occur

    Trigonum lumbale inferius (Petiti)

  • caudally: crista iliaca (cca 2-3 cm)
  • medially: m. latissimus dorsi
  • laterally: m. obliquus abd. ext.
  • bottom: m. obliquus abd. int.
  • possible site for lower lumbar hernia to occur

    Canalis vertebralis

  • ventrally: lig. longitudinale posterius
  • dorsally: arcus vertebrarum, ligg. flava
  • laterally: pediculi arcus vertebrae, foramina intervertebralia
  • medulla spinalis + fila radicularia
  • dura mater spinalis, arachnoidea mater spinales, pia mater spinalis, lig. denticulatum
  • a. spinalis ant., aa. spinales post.(4)
  • plexus venosi vertebrales interni (ant. et post.), vv. spinales ant. et post.
  • Excavatio vesicouterina (spatium Prousti)

    male: between urinary bladder and rectum

    the most caudal place of the peritoneal space → punction

    Excavatio rectouterina (spatium Douglasi)

    female: between uterus and rectum

    the most caudal place of the peritoneal space → punction

    Trigonum urogenitale

  • ventrally: symphysis pubica
  • dorsally: line betwwen tubera ischiadica
  • laterally: ramus o. ischii, ramus inf. o. pubis
  • bottom: fascia perinei (m. transversus perinei profundus, corpus perineale)
  • m. bulbospongiosus, m. ischiocavernosus
  • female: crura clitoridis + bulbi vestibuli, glandlae vestibulares
  • male: crura et bulbus penis
  • Trigonum anale

  • ventrally: line between tubera ischiadica
  • dorsally: os coccygis
  • laterally: lig. sacrotuberale + m. gluteus maximus
  • entrance to fossa ischioanalis

    Fossa ischioanalis

  • medially + cranially: m. sphincter ani externus, fascia inferior diaphragmatis pelvis
  • laterally: tuber ischiadicum, fascia obturatoria
  • dorsally: lower end of m. gluteus max., lig. sacrotuberale
  • caudally: fascia perinei (opens to trigonum anale)
  • canalis pudendalis (Alcocki)
  • corpus adiposum fossae ischioanalis
  • pair recessus pubicus stretches ventrally above trigonum urogenitle to symphysis pubica

    Canalis pudendalis (Alcocki)

    infossa ischioanalis - covered in fascia obturatoria on the medial wall of m. obturatorius internus

  • vasa pudenda interna
  • n. pudendus
  • Trigonum vesicae

  • dorsally: ostia ureterum et plica interureterica Mercieri
  • ventrally: ostium urethreae internum
  • laterally: Bell´s bundles
  • - without mucosal folds

    - its imprint on the ventral vaginal wall form area trigonalis vaginae (Pawlik´s pyramid or triangle)

    Funiculus spermaticus
    (Spermatic cord)

    male
    covers:
    fascia spermatica externa

    m. cremaster
    fascia cremasterica
    fascia spermatica interna

  • ductus deferens
  • a. testicularis
  • a. ductus deferentis
  • plexus pampiniformis
  • plexus deferentialis et testicularis
  • lymphatic vessels
  • vestigium processus vaginalis
  • Scrotum

    male
    covers:
    skin
    tunica dartos (septum scroti, m dartos)
    fascia spermatica ext.
    m. cremaster

    fascia cremasterica

    fascia spermatica int.
    lamina parietalis tunicae vaginalis testis

    lamina visceralis tunicae vaginalis testis

  • testes
  • epididymes
  • ductus deferens
  • (paradidymis /organum Giraldesi/)
  • (appendix testis et epidydimidis)
  • (ductuli abberantes)
  •  

    Připomínky, podněty a nápady pište na adresu: david[tečka]kachlik{zavináč}lf3{tečka}cuni{tečka}cz

     

    Copyright: David Kachlík - 2002