Syllabus of Module STRUCTURE ad FUNCTION

winter semester

Course 1 – Locomotion (7 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

•  Introduction to morphology

•  General osteology and bones of limbs

•  General arthrology

•  General myology and muscles of limbs

•  General neurology and spinal nerves

•  Axial skeleton and pelvis as a whole

•  Skull and development of head and neck I

•  Skull and development of head and neck II

•  Muscles and nerves of head and neck

•  Muscles and nerves of thorax and back

•  Muscles and nerves of abdomen and pelvic floor

Function

•  History and present state of physiology. Introduction to experimental propedeutics

•  Calcium and its significance in the bone metabolism

•  Physiology of the muscle function, properties of the excitatory tissues, action potentials. The muscle tone, force and work.

•  Metabolism of muscle cells

Seminaries a Practices

Structure

•  Bones of upper limb - Practices

•  Joints of upper limb - Practices

•  Bones of lower limb - Practices

•  Joints of lower limb - Practices

•  Muscles and nerves of limbs - Practices

•  Axial skeleton and pelvis as a whole - Practices

•  Skull – bones - Practices

•  Skull – topography I - Practices

•  Skull – topography II - Practices

•  Muscles and nerves of head and neck - Practices

•  Muscles and nerves of thorax and back - Practices

•  Muscles and nerves of abdomen and pelvic floor - Practices

Function

•  The principles of experimental work, experimental protocol, scientific information - Practices

•  The use and handling with experimental animals, the basic principles of statistics - Practices

•  Surgical technique on a model - Practices

•  Surgical and injection technique on the animal, autopsy of the rat, tracheal and vascular cannulation I - Practices

•  Surgical and injection technique on the animal, autopsy of the rat, tracheal and vascular cannulation II - Practices

•  Demonstration of neuromuscular sample and myographic curve. The resting and action potential of the muscles. - Practices

•  Function of muscles and bones - Seminar

•  Biochemistry of bones and muscles - Practices

Conference

 

Course 2 – Digestion (3 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

•  Development of head and neck

•  Digestive system I – oral cavity, teeth and pharynx

•  Digestive system II – developmewnt of tube and glands

•  Digestive system III – tube

•  Digestive system IV – glands and peritoneum

Function

•  Gastrointestinal physiology I

•  Gastrointestinal Physiology II

•  Biochemistry of the digestive tract

•  Biochemistry of the liver

•  Intermediary metabolism relationships

Seminaries a Practices

Structure

•  Digestive system I – oral cavity, teeth and pharynx - Practices

•  Digestive system II – tube I

•  Digestive system III – tube II

•  Digestive system IV – development of tube and glands

•  Digestive system V – glands and peritoneum

•  Digestive system – anatomical preparations - Practices

•  Digestive system – histological preparations I- Practices

•  Digestive system – histological preparations II - Practices

Function

•  Detection of amylase in saliva and urine - Practices

•  Measurement of subcutaneous fat. Nutrition physiology - Practices

•  Function of gastrointestinal tract - Seminar

•  Digestion, liver, jaundice - Practices

Conference

 

Course 3 – Respiration and blood (2 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

•  Respiratory system I

•  Respiratory system II

Function

•  Function of blood and blood plasma, erythropoietic organs

•  Blood elements, haemocoagulation, blood groups

•  Physiology of respiration I

•  Physiology of respiration II

Seminaries a Practices

Structure

•  Respiratory system I

•  Respiratory system II

•  Respiratory system– anatomical preparations - Practices

•  Respiratory system– histological preparations - Practices

Function

•  Determination of haemoglobin, hematocrite, counting of the erythrocytes and calculation of its values, erythrocyte sedimentation rate - Practices

•  Counting of leukocytes, blood groups, capillary fragility. APTT, Quick test - Practices

•  Blood I

•  Blood II

•  Spirometry - Practices

•  Mechanisms of breathing - Practices

•  Functions of respiratory system - Seminar

•  Biochemistry of respiration - Seminar

Conference

 

Course 4 – Excretion and reproduction (3 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

•  Upper urinary tract and its development

•  Lower urinary tract and its development

•  Reproductive system - development

•  Male genital system

•  Female genital system

•  Nutrition of embryo and fetus

Function

•  Physiology of kidneys I

•  Physiology of kidneys II

•  Biochemistry of kidneys

•  Metabolism of water and minerals

•  Acid-base balance

Seminaries a Practices

Structure

•  Upper urinary tract and its development

•  Lower urinary tract and its development

•  Reproductive system - development

•  Male genital system

•  Female genital system

•  Nutrition of embryo and fetus

•  Excretion and reproduction – anatomical preparations - Practices

•  Excretion and reproduction – histological preparations I - Practices

•  Reproduction – histological preparations II - Practices

Function

•  Osmotic polyuria. Intestinal motility - Practices

•  Physiology of kidneys - Seminar

•  Chemical examination of urine - Practices

•  Acid-Base Balance, Astrup - Seminar

Conference

 

Course 5 – Topographical dissection of limbs

Structure

•  Dissection of upper limb (1st day)

•  Dissection of lower limb (2nd day)

•  Dissection of both limb nerves (3rd day)

•  Dissection of both limb vessels (4th day)

•  Dissection of limb topographical sites (5th day)

•  Dissection of limb (6th day)

•  Dissection of limb (7th day)

 

summer semester

Course 6 – Circulation (4 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

•  Heart and its development I

•  Heart and its development II

•  Arterial system and its development I

•  Arterial system II

•  Venous system and its development

•  Lymphatic system I

•  Lymphatic system II

 

Function

•  Heart revolution. Cardiac action potential. Cardiac electrical activity

•  Blood pressure, haemodynamics

•  Microcirculation. Lymphatic system. Specific blood circulatory systems

•  Fetal circulation. Regulation of the heart and vessel activities

•  Biochemistry of the heart and blood vessels

 

Seminars a Practices

Structure

•  Heart and its development

•  Heart – conducting system and vessels - Practices

•  Arterial system I

•  Arterial system II

•  Venous system

•  Lymphatic system I

•  Lymphatic system II

•  Circulation – histological preparations - Practices

•  Circulation – anatomical preparations - Practices

 

Function

•  Blood pressure measurement - Practices

•  Changes of the heart rate and blood pressure after physical load - Practices

•  ECG - Practices

•  Measurement of cardiovascular parameters - Practices

•  Heart and circulation

•  Biochemistry of cardiovascular diseases - Practices

Conference

 

Course 7 – Regulation 1: Nervous system (6 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

•  Introduction to nervous system

•  Spinal cord

•  Brainstem

•  Skull and cranial nerves I

•  Skull and cranial nerves II

•  Cerebellum and mesencephalon

•  Diencephalon

•  Basal ganglia

•  Cerebral cortex

•  Autonomic nervous system

•  Brain ventricles, meninges and vessels

•  CNS – tracts

•  CNS – limbic system and circuits

Function

•  General principles of neurophysiology

•  Receptors and mediators in CNS

•  Electrophysiological methods

•  Spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum

•  Functions of midbrain, basal ganglia and diencephalon

•  Functions of limbic system and cortex

•  Pain

•  Physiology of somatosensory system, motor system and proprioception

•  Learning and memory. Physiology of sleep, chronobiology

•  Physiology of visceral and neurohumoral regulations

•  Biochemical aspects of brain function

Seminars a Practices

Structure

•  Development and internal structure of nervous system

•  Spinal cord

•  Peripheral nerves

•  Brainstem

•  Skull and cranial nerves I

•  Skull and cranial nerves II

•  Cerebellum and mesencephalon

•  Diencephalon

•  Basal ganglia

•  Cerebral cortex

•  Autonomic nervous system

•  Brain ventricles, meninges and vessels

•  CNS – tracts and circuits

•  Nervous system – anatomical preparations - Practices

•  Nervous system – histological preparations - Practices

Function

•  EEG in man - Practices

•  Reflexes in men. Reaction time - Practices

•  Chronic constriction injury - Practices

•  Learning and memory - Practices

•  Evaluation of pain - Practices

•  CNS I

•  CNS II

•  CNS III - Practices

Conference

 

Course 8 – Senses (1 week)

Lectures

Structure

•  Eye

•  Ear and temporal bone

•  Smell, taste and touch

 

Function

•  Physiology of visual system

•  Physiology of hearing. Chemical senses

•  Biochemistry of sensory perception

 

Seminars a Practices

Structure

•  Eye

•  Ear and temporal bone

•  Smell, taste and touch

•  Senses – histological preparations - Practices

Function

•  Perimetry, errors of refraction - Practices

•  Accommodation. Color vision. Tests of hearing - Practices

•  Senses

 

Course 9 – Regulation II: Endocrinology (4 weeks)

Lectures

Structure

•  Endocrine glands

•  Fetal period and delivery

•  Skin and mammary gland

 

Function

•  General endocrinology. The feedback. Regulation of hormone secretion

•  Hormones of hypothalamus and hypophysis

•  Thyriod and parathyroid hormones

•  Hormones of adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. Stress

•  Male and female hormones. Pregnancy and lactation

•  Endocrine function of the pancreas and GIT

•  Influence of hormones on metabolism

•  Biochemistry of exceptional situations

•  Thermoregulation

•  Biochemistry of the adipose tissue

Seminars a Practices

Structure

•  Endocrine glands

•  Endocrine glands – histological preparations - Practices

•  Skin and mammary gland

•  Skin and mammary gland – histological preparations - Practices

 

Function

•  Stress - Practices

•  Pregnancy test - Practices

•  Physiology of endocrinology I

•  Physiology of endocrinology II

•  Metabolism during pregnancy; newborns - Seminar

•  Biochemistry in the medicine, evaluation of laboratory results - Seminar

Conference

 

Course 10 – Topographical dissection of body

 

Structure

•  Dissection of body – regions, lines, projections (1 st day)

•  Dissection of topographical sites of head (2 nd day)

•  Dissection of topographical sites of neck (3 rd day)

•  Dissection of topographical sites of thorax (4 th day)

•  Dissection of topographical sites of abdomen (5 th day)

•  Dissection of topographical sites of back and pelvis (6 th day)

•  Dissection of body – inputs into body (7 th day)

•  Dissection of body – selected topographical sites (8 th day)

•  Dissection of body – selected topographical sites (9 th day)

•  Dissection of body (10 th day)